Further, most of the research on the effects and benefits of HIIT has been done in younger and middle-aged adults, and as such, the tolerability and effects in older populations are less well-known. However, the health benefits, risks, and optimal design of HIIT are still unclear. HIIT has been proposed to be equal or advantageous to continuous endurance training both in terms of physiologic results and in enjoyability. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an increasingly popular form of aerobic exercise which includes bouts of high-intensity exercise, typically lasting seconds to minutes, interspersed with periods of rest. As such, identifying modes of exercise which achieve these goals and are tolerable and feasible in older adults is an important step towards improving the health of these populations. They also highlight that in this population, exercise can be done to improve both health outcomes and functional abilities and that they should include multicomponent training that incorporates balance and flexibility training.
The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that adults over 65 years of age achieve at least 150 min of moderate- or 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week, in addition to muscle- and bone-strengthening activities at least 2 days per week. Exercise is known to be an important part of healthy aging and is useful in preventing and managing chronic disease. This accounts for a significant and growing financial burden on our health care systems and the UN National Assembly (2012) has acknowledged the urgent need for governments to scale up and transition towards universal, affordable, and quality health-care services. Chronic non-communicable diseases make up the majority of this burden.
It has been estimated that these older adults experience 23% of the global burden of disease and that this number increases to nearly 50% in high-income countries and is about 20% in low- and middle-income countries. Globally, the number of people aged 65 years or older is expected to more than double in the next 30 years, making it the fastest growing age demographic. Larger studies and more research in clinical populations most representative of older adults are needed to further evaluate the clinical effects of HIIT in these groups. HIIT protocols were diverse but were generally well-tolerated and may confer many health advantages to older adults. The most common primary outcomes included changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (such as VO 2peak) as well as feasibility and safety of the protocols as measured by the number of participant dropouts, adverse events, and compliance rate. Healthy populations were the most studied group ( n = 30), followed by subjects with cardiovascular ( n = 12) or cardiac disease ( n = 9), metabolic dysfunction ( n = 8), and others ( n = 10). The average sample size was 47.0 (65.2) subjects (mean ). The average duration of training was 7.9 (7.0) weeks (mean ) and protocols ranged widely. Of 4644 papers identified, 69 met the inclusion criteria. Studies were included if they had a treatment group with a mean age of 65 years or older who did HIIT, exclusively. Five databases were searched with variations of the terms, “high-intensity interval training” and “older adults” for experimental or quasi-experimental studies published in or after 2009. The purpose of this scoping review was to characterize HIIT research that has been done in older adults including protocols, feasibility, and safety and to identify gaps in the current knowledge. Further, most research on HIIT has been done in young and middle-aged adults, and as such, the tolerability and effects in senior populations are less well-known.
The health benefits, risks, and optimal design of HIIT are still unclear.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an increasingly popular form of aerobic exercise which includes bouts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with periods of rest.
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